Tobacco use remains a significant public health concern in Tunisia, with nearly one third of adults smoking cigarettes as of 2024. Despite increasing awareness of its health risks, smoking remains socially acceptable - especially among men and in rural areas. Moreover, while tobacco products are relatively expensive, the existing tax structure falls short of World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations, limiting its effectiveness as a deterrent. Although regulatory measures such as public smo

In 2024, economic conditions played a significant role in shaping the development of the tobacco market in Latvia, with rising price sensitivity driving noticeable shifts in consumer behaviour. As inflation pressures and increased excise duties continued to erode disposable incomes, many smokers began seeking more affordable alternatives to factory-made cigarettes. This led to a growing preference for lower-cost options such as fine cut tobacco, which also offered greater flexibility. At the sam

Overall, there was a fall in volume sales in tobacco in Slovenia in 2024, as smoking prevalence continued to fall and consumers increasingly safeguarded their health. This decline was seen in traditional tobacco products, including cigarettes, cigars and cigarillos, and pipe tobacco. The only exception was fine cut tobacco, which registered a moderate increase in volume sales. With cigarettes becoming increasingly more expensive, some smokers switched to fine cut tobacco, and rolling their own c

In 2024, the Romanian tobacco market navigated a complex environment marked by economic pressure, evolving consumer behaviours and tightening regulation. The category faced declining volume sales, although rising prices helped sustain value growth. Cigarettes continued to dominate overall consumption but experienced further contraction as smokers explored alternative products or reduced usage altogether. Heated tobacco emerged as the most dynamic segment, buoyed by perceptions of lower health ri

Tobacco remained in a decline in Canada in 2024, due to the ongoing trends towards smoking cessation. Social attitudes towards cigarettes, in particular, are negative, and the government is pushing for new warnings about the dangers of smoking. For example, Canada was the first country to require health warnings directly on individual cigarettes. In April 2024, a 31 July 2024 deadline was set for tobacco companies to ensure all their King Size cigarettes depict these new warnings, which are six

In 2024, Lithuania’s tobacco market continued its transformation, marked by a persistent decline in traditional cigarette use and a generational shift in consumption habits. Consumers are moving away from smoking not necessarily by quitting altogether, but by substituting with newer nicotine formats, most notably single use vapes and heated tobacco. These alternatives are perceived as more modern, less harmful, and better aligned with shifting lifestyles. Regulatory pressures, such as the 2023 f

In 2024, total volume sales of tobacco experienced moderate growth despite increasing health concerns and government efforts to reduce smoking prevalence via information campaigns, taxation and regulation. A 2023 decree imposed higher taxes on cigarettes and other tobacco products and forms a key plank of tobacco control efforts, as does the ban on e-vapour products.

Retail volume sales (sticks) of tobacco continued to decline in 2024 but at a slower rate than in the previous year. Cigarettes continued to dominate tobacco sales, and retail volume sales of cigarettes declined, driven by unit price rises, falling import volumes and a growing illicit trade. Demand for most other types of tobacco remains very limited in Cameroon, but shisha (under pipe tobacco) continues to grow in popularity among young adults in urban areas.

Uruguay’s economy remained relatively stable in 2024, in contrast to ongoing economic turmoil in neighbouring Argentina. Despite this, the country’s tobacco industry continued to face considerable challenges, including stringent tobacco control legislation and a high tax burden. These factors drove a notable rise in illicit cigarette consumption, with illegal products accounting for over one third of total cigarette volume sales in 2024 - a marked increase compared to previous years. However, th

Overall, it was a positive picture for tobacco in Uzbekistan in 2024. In particular, it was a standout year for cigarettes, with volume sales increasing significantly. There were several reasons for this. Firstly, the number of smokers increased due to a sharp decline in labour migration to Russia, resulting in more adult smokers remaining in the country. Secondly, illicit cigarette trade, which had been growing rapidly and accounted for nearly a quarter of total volume sales in 2023, saw a sign

In 2024, Azerbaijan’s tobacco market remained relatively stable, despite ongoing shifts in consumer preferences, rising excise taxes, and regulatory developments. While smoking prevalence stayed largely unchanged and continued to be the main driver of cigarette sales, the legal cigarette market declined, mainly due to a significant increase in illicit trade. At the same time, alternative nicotine products, including e-vapour and heated tobacco, gained momentum, supported by new entrants and expa

It was a mixed picture for tobacco in Peru in 2024. Peru’s most popular tobacco product, cigarettes, saw volume sales fall slightly, while current value sales for e-vapour products soared by a fifth.

Traditional tobacco products, including cigarettes, cigars and smoking tobacco, are facing declining consumption in Estonia, while alternatives, such as e-vapour products and tobacco free oral nicotine pouches, are gaining momentum. This shift is driven by growing consumer interest in less harmful nicotine options due to rising health awareness, ongoing technological advancements and a wider range of product offerings. At the same time, stricter regulations on advertising, sales, and flavoured t

In 2024, Turkey’s tobacco market experienced mixed dynamics shaped by macroeconomic volatility, evolving consumer habits, and rigid regulatory constraints. The industry continues to operate within a tightly controlled framework, with bans on e-vapour products and heated tobacco remaining in effect. Nonetheless, illicit sales through online channels and tobacco shops persist, exposing enforcement gaps. Although global health awareness and the de-normalisation of tobacco use continue to grow, Turk

Following a turbulent 2022, global tobacco players in Ukraine spent 2023 and 2024 adapting to ongoing conflict-related disruptions, returning to new product launches primarily in cigarettes, heated tobacco and nicotine pouches. Traditional categories such as cigars, cigarillos and smoking tobacco experienced a sharp contraction, with availability declining significantly due to both supply issues and shifting consumer preferences. While illicit trade saw a temporary decrease in 2024, it began to

Amid rampant inflation, which led to a sharp rise in unit prices, volume sales of tobacco continued to decline in 2024 but at a much slower pace than in the previous year. Higher prices were largely driven by the depreciation of the foreign-exchange value of the local currency. The shortage of foreign currency also restricted the availability of some imported brands. The buying power of local consumers was further undermined by slowing economic growth. Amid rising unit prices, many local consume

In 2024, tobacco sales in Norway increased in both volume and value, with smoking remaining most common among individuals aged 45 and over. However, a notable shift was observed among younger adults of legal smoking age (18–24), who began moving from e-vapour products back to traditional tobacco following the ban on flavoured e-liquids. This trend contributed to a rise in the consumption of conventional tobacco products in 2024. Despite this temporary resurgence, the overall, long-term direction

The tobacco industry in Pakistan continued to be a significant contributor to the national economy in 2024, though it faces a complex landscape shaped by evolving regulations, changing consumer behaviour, and international pressures. The sector is a major employer, generates substantial revenue from taxes, and is crucial for agricultural livelihoods, especially for tobacco farmers in various regions. However, growing concerns over public health, environmental sustainability, and global anti-smok

In 2024, an increase in the demand for cigarettes helped tobacco in Egypt to rebound from an overall decline in retail volume sales in 2023. Tobacco in Egypt stabilised in terms of production and supply after a tough period where economic challenges and currency devaluations led to scarcity in foreign currency. This directly affected imports of tobacco raw materials, causing disturbances in the market and shortages in the retail channel. In 2024, no noticeable shortages were witnessed in the mar

While the number of cigarette smokers in Sweden continues to decline, the use of alternative tobacco products is one the rise, especially among young adults. This reflects evolving social norms, whereby smokeless options are increasingly viewed as modern and socially acceptable alternatives to traditional cigarettes. With rising living costs, many consumers are also turning to more affordable options, such as nicotine pouches, which are taxed less heavily than cigarettes. The growing popularity

Tobacco in Ecuador registered a further decline in volume sales in 2024. The landscape continued to be shaped by a steady decline in legal cigarette sales, driven by reduced smoking prevalence and growing health awareness. This reduction has been supported by public restrictions on smoking and regular health campaigns. However, the decline is slowing down, suggesting a core base of smokers continue to smoke.

The direction of tobacco in Taiwan depends on the progress of government legislation. In 2023, the Tobacco Hazards Prohibition Act was announced, followed by more specific standards for additives in 2024. There is still uncertainty regarding the final scope and implementation timeline, with industry players waiting for further clarification. The government has stated that certain chemical additives, including those in tobacco, will be restricted. However, the exact enforcement timeline and full

The nicotine industry is experiencing stable growth globally, with flat cigarette sales and increasing RRPs volumes. Heated tobacco products are growing in the low double digits, while nicotine pouches saw over 50% growth in 2024. E-vapour products are also growing, despite regulatory challenges, while stronger growth in cigarettes is noted in Turkey, India and Brazil.

While smoking prevalence is in decline in Greece, social acceptance of tobacco use remains relatively high in 2024 particularly among younger generations resulting in a slower decline compared to other Western countries. Poor enforcement of smoking bans contributes to sustained smoking rates, with many hospitality venues turning a blind eye to indoor smoking after late evening hours. Vaping and heated tobacco use are also widely tolerated in enclosed spaces. Favourable weather conditions further